It also tracks almost two million quasars. It catalogues almost three million other galaxies beyond our own. This map includes a photometric survey of the Andromeda galaxy. However, Gaia’s clarity of vision let it capture millions of objects outside the Milky Way. Most of the stars we can see come from our own galaxy. But Gaia has spotted starquakes, making everything from ripples to “large-scale tsunamis.” One of the most surprising discoveries coming out of the new data is that Gaia is able to detect starquakes, tiny disturbances on the surface of a star. “The observations collected by Gaia are redefining the foundations of astronomy,” said Günther Hasinger, ESA Director of Science. But for sixty thousand nearby space rocks, the map coordinates each asteroid’s color, composition, rotation and orbit. This third data release includes information on more than 150,000 asteroids, including near-Earth objects, main belt asteroids, TNOs (Trans-Neptunian Objects), and others. While Gaia mostly looks outward beyond our solar system, mission scientists also used the array to look at objects within our celestial borders. Image: ESA/Gaia/DPAC CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO From top: a) radial velocity, b) radial velocity and proper motion, c) interstellar dust, and d) chemical composition. They also demonstrate the four key types of measurements that Gaia performs. These four sky maps represent what Gaia sees. This data dump even includes a refined Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which describes how stars of various colors and temperatures live out their lives. Using Gaia’s highly precise measurements, mission scientists can separate the wobble of parallax from an object’s true motion within the galaxy.īeyond details about the stars’ motion, the data release includes information concerning their chemical composition, their burn temperature, and where in their lifespans they might be. Using these measurements, astronomers can directly estimate distances to individual stars - and even to objects outside the galaxy. The new map of the Milky Way includes information on parallax and proper motion (velocity across the sky) for more than 1.3 billion stars. The Gaia Project’s Data Release 3: a 3D Map of the Milky Way It’s like an earthly observer being able to spot a Euro coin lying on the surface of the Moon. For certain stars, especially stars that are close or very bright, it can make measurements of exquisite precision. The James Webb space telescope also orbits L2.) Its dual nature takes advantage of parallax, which the ancient Greeks used to make elegant models of the solar system.
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Gaia makes its observations using two optical telescopes operating at Earth’s L2 Lagrange point. ESA spokespeople and Gaia scientists revealed the extent of their map today in a press conference, along with a blizzard of nearly fifty related research papers. This is the richest star catalogue to date, including high-precision measurements of nearly 1.7 billion stars. But it blows its predecessors out of the water.
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This is actually the Gaia mission’s third data release.